OS X syntax

Arguments      Shell parameters
Variables      Variable Substitution
Array Variables
Redirection    Redirect output from one command as input for another
Keyboard Shortcuts

Looping constructs:
The break and continue builtins may be used to control loop execution.

   IF THEN ELSE Conditional Execution
   if           Conditionally perform a command
   foreach      Expand words, and execute commands
   switch       Conditionally perform a command
   while        Execute commands

   Logical, arithmetical and comparison operators

Shell variables
Environment variables
Background Processes (via Westwind)

For examples of all the above see OS X books